Period	Dynasty		Period	Dynasty
Palaeolithic			New Kingdom	18th Dynasty
Saharan Neolithic			Ramesside	19th Dynasty
Pre-Dynastic				20th Dynasty
Early Dynastic	1st Dynasty		Third Intermediate	21st Dynasty
	2nd Dynasty			22nd Dynasty
Old Kingdom	3rd Dynasty			23rd Dynasty
	4th Dynasty			24th Dynasty
	5th Dynasty			25th Dynasty
	6th Dynasty		Late	26th Dynasty
	7th and 8th Dynasties			27th Dynasty (1st Persian Period)
First Intermediate	9th and 10th Dynasties			28th Dynasty
	11th Dynasty Thebes only			29th Dynasty
Middle Kingdom	11th Dynasty All of Egypt			30th Dynasty
	12th Dynasty			31st Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)
	13th Dynasty		Ptolemaic	Ptolemaic Dynasty
	14th Dynasty		Roman
Second Intermediate	15th Dynasty (Hyksos)
	16th Dynasty		Coptic
	17th Dynasty		Islamic
Source: The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw, ISBN 0-19-280293-3 (larger soft-back with significantly better plates in colour) or 0-19-280458-8. Possibly the best reference source for Ancient Egypt. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt is concerned with "not only the political change but also with social and economic developments, processes of religious and ideological change, and trends in material culture, whether in the form of architectural styles, techniques of mummification, or the fabrics of ceramics."

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD	1st Dynasty c.3000-2890	Aha
c.3000-2686		Djer
		Djet
		Den
		Queen Merneith
		Anedjib
		Semerkhet
		Qa'a
	2nd Dynasty 2890-2686	Hetepsekhemwy
		Raneb
		Nynetjer
		Weneg
		Sened
		Peribsen
		Khasekhemwy
OLD KINGDOM	3rd Dynasty 2686-2613	Nebka		2686-2667
2686-2160		Djoser (Netjerikhet)		2667-2648
		Sekhemkhet		2648-2640
		Khaba		2640-2637
		Huni		2637-2613
	4th Dynasty 2613-2494	Sneferu		2613-2589
		Khufu (Cheops)		2589-2566
		Djedefra (Radjedef)		2566-2558
		Khafra (Chephren)		2558-2532
		Menkaura (Mycerinus)		2532-2503
		Shepseskaf		2503-2494
	5th Dynasty 2494-2345	Userkaf		2494-2487
		Sahura		2487-2475
		Neferirkara		2475-2455
		Shepseskara		2455-2448
		Raneferef or Nefer-ef-Ra		2448-2445
		Nyuserra		2445-2421
		Menkauhor		2421-2414
		Djedkara		2414-2375
		Unas		2375-2345
	6th Dynasty 2345-2181	Teti		2345-2323
		Userkara [a usurper]		2323-2321
		Pepy I (Meryra)		2321-2287
		Merenra		2287-2278
		Pepy II (Neferkara)		2278-2184
		Nitiqret		2184-2181
	7th and 8th Dynasties 2181-2160	Numerous kings, called Neferkara, presumably imitating Pepy II.
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD	9th and 10th Dynasties (Herakleopolitan) 2160-2025	Khety (Meryibra)
2160-2055		Khety (Nebkaura)
		Khety (Wahkara)
		Merykara
	11th Dynasty 2125-2055 Thebes only, before unification	Intef I (Sehertawy)
		Intef II (Wahankh)
		Intef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer)
MIDDLE KINGDOM	11th Dynasty 2055-1985	Mentuhotep II (Nebhepetra)		2055-2004
2055-1650	(all Egypt)	Mentuhotep III (Sankhkara)		2004-1992
		Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyra)		1992-1985
	12th Dynasty 1985-1773	Amenemhat I (Sehetepibra)		1985-1956
		Senusret I (Kheperkara)		1956-1911
		Amenemhat II (Nubkaura)		1911-1877
		Senusret II (Khakheperra)		1877-1870
		Senusret III (Khakaura)		1870-1831
		Amenemhat III (Nimaatra)		1831-1786
		Amenemhat IV (Maakherura)		1786-1777
		Queen Sobekneferu (Sobekkara)		1777-1773
	13th Dynasty 1773-after 1650	Wegaf (Khutawyra)
		Sobekhotep II (Sekhemra-khutawy)
		Iykhernefert Neferhotep (Sankhta sekhemra)
		Ameny-intef-amenemhat (Sankhibra)
		Hor (Awibra)
		Khendjer (Userkara)
		Sobekhotep III (Sekhemra-sewadjtawy)
		Neferhotep I (Khasekhemra)
		Sahathor
		Sobekhotep IV (Khaneferra)
		Sobekhotep V		(?)
		Ay (Merneferra)
	14th Dynasty c.1773-1650	Minor rulers probably contemporary with the 13th or 15th Dynasty
SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD	15th Dynasty (Hyksos) 1650-1550	Salitis/Sekerher		c.1555
1650-1550		Khyan (Seuserenra)		c.1600
		Apepi (Aauserra)		c.1555
		Khamudi
	16th Dynasty c.1650-1580	Theban early rulers contemporary with the 15th Dynasty
	17th Dynasty c.1580-1550	Rahotep
		Sobekemsaf I
		Intef VI (Sekhemra)
		Intef VII (Nubkheperra)
		Intef VIII (Sekhemraherhermaat)
		Sobekemsaf II
		Siamun
		Taa (Senakhtenra/Seqenenra)		c.1560
		Kamose (Wadjkheperra)		1555-1550
NEW KINGDOM	18th Dynasty 1550-1295	Ahmose (Nebpehtyra)		1550-1525
1550-1069		Amenhotep I (Djeserkara)		1525-1504
		Thutmose I (Aakheperkara)		1504-1492
		Thutmose II (Aakheperenra)		1492-1479
		Thutmose III (Menkheperra)		1479-1425
		Queen Hatshepsut (Maatkara)		1473-1458
		Amenhotep II (Aakheperura)		1427-1400
		Thutmose IV (Menkheperura)		1400-1390
		Amenhotep III (Nebmaatra)		1390-1352
		Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten (Neferkheperurawaenra)		1352-1336
		Neferneferuaten (Smenkhkara)		1338-1336
		Tutankhamun (Nebkheperura)		1336-1327
		Ay (Kheperkheperura)		1327-1323
		Horemheb (Djeserkheperura)		1323-1295
RAMESSIDE PERIOD	19th Dynasty 1295-1186	Ramesses I (Menpehtyra)		1295-1294
1295-1069		Sety I (Menmaatra)		1294-1279
		Ramesses II (Usermaatra Setepenra)		1279-1213
		Merenptah (Baenra)		1213-1203
		Amenmessu (Menmira)		1203-1200
		Sety II (Userkheperura Setepenra)		1200-1194
		Siptah (Akehnrasetepenra)		1194-1188
		Queen Tausret (Sitrameritamun)		1188-1186
	20th Dynasty 1186-1069	Sethnakht (Userkhaura Meryamun)		1186-1184
		Ramesses III (Usermaatra Meryamun)		1184-1153
		Ramesses IV (Heqamaatra Setepenamun)		1153-1147
		Ramesses V (Usermaatra Sekheperenra)		1147-1143
		Ramesses VI (Nebmaatra Meryamun)		1143-1136
		Ramesses VII (Usermaatra Setepenra Meryarnun)		1136-1129
		Ramesses VIII (UsermaatraAkhenamun)		1129-1126
		Ramesses IX (Neferkara Setepenra)		1126-1108
		Ramesses X (Khepermaatra Setepenra)		1108-1099
		Ramesses XI (Menmaatra Setepenptah)		1099-1069
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD	21st Dynasty 1069-945 (in Tanis)	Smendes (Hedjkheperra Setepenra)		1069-1043
1069-664		Amenemnisu (Neferkara)		1043-1039
		Psusennes I [Pasebakhaenniut] (Akheperra Setepenamun)		1039-991
		Amenemope (Usermaatra Setepenamun)		993-984
		Osorkon the Elder (Akheperra setepenra)		984-978
		Siamun (Netjerkheperra Setepenamun)		978-959
		Psusennes II [Pasebakhaenniut] (Titkheperura Setepenra)		959-945
	22nd Dynasty 945-715 (in Bubastis)	Sheshonq I (Hedjkheperra)		945-924
	(Rulers at Tanis)	Osorkon I (Sekhemkheperra)		924-889
		Sheshonq II (Heqakheperra)		c.890
		Takelot I		889-874
		Osorkon II (Usermaatra)		874-850
		Takelot II (Hedjkheperra)		850-825
		Sheshonq III (Usermaatra)		825-773
		Pimay (Usermaatra)		773-767
		Sheshonq V (Aakheperra)		767-730
		Osorkon IV (Aakheperra)		730-715
	23rd Dynasty 818-715 (in Leontopolis)	Kings in various centres, contemporary with the later 22nd, 24th, and early 25th dynasties, including:
		Pedubastis I (Usermaatra)
		Iuput I
		Sheshonq IV
		Osorkon III (Usermaatra)
		Takelot III (Usermaatra)
		Rudamon (Usermaatra)
		Peftjauawybast
		Iuput II (Usermaatra)
	24th Dynasty 727-715 (in Sais)	Bakenrenef (Bocchoris)		720-715
	25th Dynasty 747-656 (in Napata)	Piy (Menkheperra)		747-716
		Shabago (Neferkara)		716-702
		Shabitgo(Djedkaura)		702-690
		Taharqo (Khunefertemra)		690-664
		Tanutamani (Bakara)		664-656
LATE PERIOD 664-332	26th Dynasty 664-525	Nekau I		672-664
	(The Saites)	Psamtek I (Wahibra)		664-610
		Nekau II (Wehemibra)		610-595
		Psamtek II (Neferibra)		595-589
		Apries (Haaibra)		589-570
		Ahmose II [Amasis] (Khnemibra)		570-526
		Psamtek III (Ankhkaenra)		526-525
	27th Dynasty 525-404	Cambyses		525-522
	(1st Persian Period)	Darius I		522-486
		Xerxes I		486-465
		Artaxerxes I		465-424
		Darius II		424-405
		Artaxerxes II		405-359
	28th Dynasty 404-399	Amyrtaios		404-399
	29th Dynasty 399-380	Nepherites I [Nefaarud]		399-393
		Hakor [Achoris] (Khnemmaatra)		393-380
		Nepherites II		c.380
	30th Dynasty 380-343	Nectanebo I (Kheperkara)		380-362
	(2nd Persian Period)	Teos (Irma atenra)		362-360
		Nectanebo II (Senedjemibra setepenanhur)		360-343
	31st Dynasty 343-332	Artaxerxes III Ochus		343-338
		Arses		338-336
		Darius III Codoman		336-332
PTOLEMAIC PERIOD 332-30	Macedonian Dynasty 332-305	Alexander the Great		332-323
		Philip Arrhidaeus		323-317
		Alexander IV (note 4)		317-310
	Ptolemaic Dynasty 305-30	Ptolemy I Soter I		305-285
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus		285-246
		Ptolemy III Euergetes I		246-221
		Ptolemy IV Philopator		221-205
		Ptolemy V Epiphanes		205-180
		Ptolemy VI Philometor		180-145
		Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator		145
		Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II		170-116
		Ptolemy IX Soter II		116-107
		Ptolemy X Alexander I		107-88
		Ptolemy IX Soter II (restored to thrown)		88-80
		Ptolemy XI Alexander II		80
		Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)		80-51
		Cleopatra VII Philopator		51-30
		Ptolemy XIII		51-47
		Ptolemy XIV		47-44
		Ptolemy XV Caesarion		44-30
ROMAN PERIOD (note 5) 30 - AD 395		Augustus		30 -AD 14
		Tiberius		AD 14-37
		Gains (Caligula)		AD 37-41
		Claudius		AD 41-54
		Nero		AD 54-68
		Galba		AD 68-69
		Otho		AD 69
		Vespasian		AD 69-79
		Titus		AD 79-81
		Domitian		AD 81-96
		Nerva		AD 96-98
		Trajan		AD 98-117
		Hadrian		AD 117-138
		Antoninus Pius		AD 138-161
		Marcus Aurelius		AD 161-180
		Lucius Verus		AD 161-169
		Commodus		AD 180-192
		Septimius Severus		AD 193-211
		Caracalla		AD 198-217
		Geta		AD 209-212
		Macrinus		AD 217-218
		Didumenianus		AD 218
		Severus Alexander		AD 222-235
		Gordian III		AD 238-242
		Philip		AD 244-249
		Decius		AD 249-251
		Gallus and Volusianus		AD 251-253
		Valerian		AD 253-260
		Gallienus		AD 253-268
		Macrianus and Quietus		AD 260-261
		Aurelian		AD 270-275
		Probus		AD 276-282
		Diocletian		AD 284-305
		Maximian		AD 286-305
		Galerius		AD 293-311
		Constantius		AD 293-306
		Constantine I		AD 306-337
		Maxentius		AD 306-312
		Maximinus Daia		AD 307-324
		Licinius		AD 308-324
		Constantine II		AD 337-340
		Constans (co-ruler)		AD 337-350
		Constantius II (co-ruler)		AD 337-361
		Magnetius (co-ruler)		AD 350-353
		Julian the Apostate		AD 361-363
		Jovian		AD 363-364
		Valentinian I (west)		AD 364-375
		Valens (co-ruler, east)		AD 364-378
		Gratian (co-ruler, west)		AD 375-383
		Theodosius (co-ruler)		AD 379-395
		Valentinian II (co-ruler, west)		AD 383-392
		Eugenius (co-ruler)		AD 392-394

 
Royal Titulary
Each King created a name on his ascension to the throne and it was also a 'mandate' for this style of leadership. The royal name was comprised of 5 separate elements (although earlier kings used less) we modern writing often used the 'Nomen' or person name, which preceded his kingship. Many Egyptian names were translated into Greek, for example Amenhotep (Egyptian) into Amenophis (Greek) - older books tend to use the Greek names but this is now less common and a translation from the original hieroglyphs is used.

The full titulary was only used in formal inscriptions; otherwise a king was usually identified by his prenomen which was either written alone or accompanied by the nomen. The prenomen and nomen are usually left in their Egyptian forms (for example, 'Thutmose' rather than translating it into 'Thoth-is-born'). The transliteration of the kings' names vary in modern books on Egyptology. Some retain the Graecised form of a name, as it occurred in the historical account of Manetho (e.g., Amenophis, Sesostris, Cheops), whereas others give a translation based on the Hieroglyphs (e.g., Amenhotep, Senusret, Khufu). Pronunciations also vary, because of the absence of vowels in the hieroglyphic writings of the names and our limited knowledge of the pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian.

Horus name - This name was often written within a rectangular frame, on top of which perched the falcon-god Horus, which probably represented the king's palace. This name represented the king as the earthly incarnation of the ancient falcon-god Horus, who became the first divine patron of royalty.

'Nebty' name - Nbty means the 'Two Ladies', and this name emphasises the king's special relationship with the two great goddesses, Nekhbet, the vulture goddess of Upper Egypt, and Edjo, the cobra goddess of Lower Egypt . They ruled supreme as the two ancient capitals of Hieraconpolis and Pe, before Egypt was unified by King Menes in c.3100 BC. However, they continued to play an important role as royal protectress even after unification - hence their inclusion in the royal titulary.

Golden Horus name - The meaning of this name is uncertain. It may signify the victory of Horus over his enemy Seth (in the myth of Osiris), but it may represent the reconciled enemies, Horus and Seth, as lords of Egypt .

Prenomen - From the 5th Dynasty onwards (after King Sahure), the Prenomen and the Nomen were both written inside cartouches. The prenomen was adopted as a religious name by each king when he ascended to the throne, and it was always immediately preceded (outside the cartouche) by the title n-sw-bit 'he who belongs to the sedge and the bee'. The sedge represented Upper Egypt, and the bee Lower Egypt, so the title meant 'King of Upper and Lower Egypt '. The prenomen itself usually incorporates the name of the god Re (e.g. nb-mAat-re, 'Re is Lord of Truth').

Nomen - The nomen, again enclosed within a cartouche, was usually the name of the king before he succeeded to the throne (i.e. almost a family name) and therefore, it is not uncommon for several kings within a family to have the same nomen (e.g. Thutmose, Amenhotep, Senusret). The nomen was immediately preceded (outside the cartouche) by the title s3 ra ('son of Re').

Note - If you can't see an S with an upside down V above it inside the brackets (S) then you need some additional fonts for your PC. Here is a link to the font file, which can install or save (into your font directory, often c:\windows\Fonts\). You will need to re-load this page to see the new fonts.